Studies were identified through searches in electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science up to July 2021. Thus, we conducted a systematic review to examine the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors among sub-Saharan African immigrants residing in HICs. However, the cardiometabolic health of this population remains poorly examined. In recent decades, the number of African immigrants in high-income countries (HICs) has increased significantly. Mean reduced glutathione was statistically significant at week 4 when compared with the baseline.Conclusions: Ketogenic diet reduces oxidative stress as evidenced by increased reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase. There were also statistically insignificant changes in catalase and malondialdehyde levels in the participants between the baseline (week 0) and 4th and 8th weeks. The sera of the participants were collected by standard, sterile with a minimal invasive procedure for reduced glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde at weeks 0, 4, and 8 of ingestion of low carbohydrate ketogenic diet (LCKD).Results: There was a statistically significant increase in mean superoxide dismutase levels of participants at the 4th and 8th week after the introduction of low carbohydrate ketogenic diet (LCKD). This study, therefore, is aimed at evaluating the effects of ketogenic diet on markers of oxidative stress (reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA)) in obese female subjects on eight weeks ketogenic diet.Methods: A total of forty (40) participants, 10 overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2) and 30 obese (≥30 kg/m2) female subjects, were recruited and investigated via informed consent and approval obtained. Increases in the rates of overweight and obesity are being identified in Sub-Saharan Africa, especially among women and people dwelling in urban populations. An improved evidence base will serve to validate and develop the proposed framework further.īackground: Sub-Saharan Africa is not insusceptible to the obesity epidemic, regardless of the continued problem of undernutrition. There is a tremendous need for further research on obesity The framework will be presented, each influence elucidatedĪnd implications for research and intervention development discussed. Marketplace, in shaping trends in overweight and obesity in SSA. The model illustrates the interaction of factors along a continuum, from the individual to the global In the model include globalization and urbanization as distant factors occupation, social relationships, built environment and cultural perceptions of weight as intermediate factors and caloric intake, physical inactivity and genetics as proximate factors. The framework is based on a Causality Continuum model that considers distant, intermediate and proximate influences. We propose a preliminary ecological theoretical framework to conceptualize factors that contribute to increases in overweightĪnd obesity in SSA. To catalyze further research and to inform the development of multi-level, context-appropriate interventions. There is a need for theoretical frameworks The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).
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